I got out of vegetable seeds about a decade ago. My tendency to make the brown-nosers look absolutely stupid became a liability once I hit upper management. Imagine a plant breeder with a talent for computers, logistics, marketing and sales. I asked all the “wrong” questions.

Currently running my own seed dealership/research activities for row crops.

You’ve underestimated it by a bit. It takes 2-3 generations to increase the inbred seed quantities after selfing. So figure 20 years. Plus the female line takes 5 generations to create so another 10 years (onion hybrid seed production requires 3 lines: Male, maintainer & female - the female has cytoplasmic male sterility). All together it used to take 30 years to create a new female line.

Today onions are self-pollinated traditionally for 2 generations, then double-haploids are produced. It takes another 2-3 generations to create the female line with marker-assisted back-crossing. It takes 2-3 generations to create enough parent seed to produce commercial hybrids. So say 12-16 years now for a female line. 10 years for the male and maintainer.

Seeds of many species, when stored correctly, can still germinate for decades. I have used seed that was 30+ years old several times before.

Breeders produce inbred parental lines by self-pollinating for 5-8 generations (or double-haploid creation).

They then do a small initial seed increase by bulking a generation. Bulking refers to combining the seeds from several plants (I used nethouse with 24 cantaloupe plants and a small young queen honeybee hive inside to produce 0.5-1kg of seed).

This is called basic or breeder seed. This lot is tested for genetic uniformity and seedborne diseases. It’s also used for small hybrid seed productions to test out the inbred.

Breeder seed is increased again and bulked to make foundation seed (around 50kg for cantaloupes) This is used to make the first commercial production of the hybrid. It is then increased yet again to produce stock seed (500kg)

Stock seed is what the commercial hybrid is produced from for the rest of its life. Foundation seed is used to produce more stock seed as needed.

The breeder seed and foundation seed are stored carefully to prolong it’s life. The stock seed is in the general warehouse with the hybrid seed.

As long as they maintain quality control during the inbred increase process, the resulting hybrid will always be essentially the same.

At first I thought it was one of the “wilts”. These are soil-borne pathogens that attack the plants roots. The causitive organism could be verticillium, fusarium, or phytophera. In small plants pythium or rhyzoctonia can kill them. There is also bacterial wilt that causes the rapid decline of the plants.

Then I zoomed in and took a closer look at the plant. I suspect it’s nitrogen deficiency. It could be caused by over-watering (denitrification and leaching nitrate out of the soil profile). However I suspect you didn’t have enough to start with.

The tomato tone looks to be a 3-4-6 fertilizer. To put it simply, it’s a stupid fertilizer blend. Plants need nutrients with a ratio of around 3:1:2. So you need 3x+ more nitrogen in that blend.

Once the plant sets fruit, it starts to dedicate nitrogen into the fruit/seeds. In a shortage situation it moves them from the lower leaves (they turn yellow and die).

It’s referred to as leaf silvering. It’s a genetically controlled trait common in the Cucurbita genus. That being said those are a bit extreme.

Take a look at the underside of the leaves. Silverleaf whiteflies could also be the cause.

Moved out at 17. Haven’t spoken to my parents in over a decade. The only interaction I plan on having with them in the future is pissing on their graves.

The beans have some sunscald on the leaves due to the change in temperature. It’s cosmetic and will not cause any harm.

FYI your tomatoes are also showing the heat stress with physiological leaf roll. It’s also cosmetic.

You never got stuck in formatting hell on word-perfect apparently.

It was pretty easy in creating new original documents.

Editing existing documents was an absolute nightmare. The list was extremely long of random shit that would happen we you deleted some text.

They made it the default option for businesses that routinely buy computers with less local storage than their users need. Pretty much every company I have worked for.

They then pushed it out hard into the consumer market when SSD came out and the average storage space on lower end models dropped by 75%.

I see why they did it, how they did it was in usual Microsoft fashion, idiotic.

It’s sort of their pattern.

1. Introduce new changes.

2. Screw it up royalty.

3. Fix the features that are salvageable and revert most of the remaining except: Double down on the shitty ones that they think will make them more money.

4. Rinse and Repeat

The “hard math” can be done easily and quickly with a financial calculator app. The one I have shows the amortization schedule as well.

It leaves dell with employees who do their job and have a life outside of work. They will put their hours in but not much more. They do not recommend change or new ways of getting things done, because they don’t care. They will do the minimum and punch the clock for years until they find another better paying job.

It’s physiological leaf roll. Its a reaction to environmental stressors, likely the heat. It causes no damage to the plant and doesn’t reduce the yield.

The treatment for it is ignoring it.

https://hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu/fact-sheet/tomato-physiological-leaf-roll/

Forums were awesome until the ads took over. Then apps like Tapatalk made reading them easier. Then Tapatalk went to shit and power users migrated to reddit (mainly for the easy to use wepage and awesome independent apps.).

Then reddit shit the bed so now Lemmy is filling the gaps.

There is no actively growing onions in the field. It looks like it’s about ready to seed.

The brown rows is likely barley. It’s used as a cover crop over sandy soil. Before they plant the onions they spray the field with an herbicide. The beds are cultivated and seeded leaving a few inches of the dead barley.

The rows of dead barely acts as a windbreak to reduce sandblasting of the young plants with the wind.

I personally think three things have driven the degradation in the movie theaters

The lack of competition with theatres as monopolies have formed. This has allowed the average theatre to degrade in quality.

Most major “blockbuster” style movies are designed for the international market. Lots of long action sequences with little dialogue. Simple character development and plots for easier translation. They are all pretty boring.

And last, the improvements and price reduction of TV’s and home sound systems. Combined with the fast release of movies onto streaming platforms or pirate sites.

So what exactly is are theaters selling anymore? A shitty service for a shitty product that is better consumed at home.

All farming is bad for nature. There is no such thing as environmentally friendly farming. The “less damaging” methods of farming are “it only destroying 95% of the habitat, not 98%.”

We could grow everything we need with 1/2 of the land if we banned dry land farming and moved to all irrigated. What’s better? less damaging farming or millions of acres re-wilded.

To be fair, they had to take a chance. Once spotted death is coming for them. Their only hope is to destroy the drone and run like hell.

Sort of like hospital bills now. My wife went to the E.R. 2 months ago. They billed the insurance $4K. The insurance said nope and paid $220. We paid $40.

Sigh, this is what happens when people speculate outside of their field of expertise. I tried to read all of the original paper but got pissed off at their stupidity.

First off they do not understand current commercial plant breeding efforts at all. This is not surprising given that the expertise in the subject is no longer in university programs. In the 80’s and 90’s plant breeders could make 3-4x the money in private industry. Only the incompetent stayed behind in university programs and their students are now writing these terrible papers completely disconnected from reality.

FYI Commercial plant breeding is evolutionary processes sped up to the extreme. The companies are aggressively searching for, creating, and introgressing new traits. It’s a never ending race against the constantly changing environment and other companies. In many market segments varieties only last for 4-5 years.

Pet peeve: Contrary to what idiots like this write, breeding for yield does not exist. Yield is not a trait you can select for. Yield is the end result of selecting to optimize the whole organism to match its environment: plant health, plant vigor, pest resistance, disease resistance, optimized nutrient management, soil/microbe interactions, etc. These authors are ignorant of fundamental concepts of plant breeding over 50 years old.

Finally the absolute worst thing that we should do is go back to land races. Besides causing widespread famine, all types of agriculture always damage the environment. There is no such thing as environmentally friendly farming. Going back to landraces will increase our need for agricultural land. We don’t need landraces of our important food crops, we need a healthy population of evolving wild types. Using modern breeding techniques, introgressing novel new traits from wild types only take a few years.

The best way to conserve the planet is to work to restore the full ecosystems we have destroyed to farm. We need to massively reduce our land usage and rewild millions of acres. To do this we need to focus on maximizing our breeding efforts and cropping systems via protected culture and irrigation systems.

So in terms a biologist can understand: If it’s not charge what is the difference between normal and negative matter?